Write a query to find the second highest salary in a table.

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Here’s a common way to find the second highest salary in a table named employees with a column salary:

Method 1: Using LIMIT and ORDER BY (MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc.)

SELECT DISTINCT salary
FROM employees
ORDER BY salary DESC
LIMIT 1 OFFSET 1;

• ORDER BY salary DESC sorts salaries from highest to lowest.

• DISTINCT ensures duplicate salaries are ignored.

• LIMIT 1 OFFSET 1 picks the second row (second highest salary).

Method 2: Using a Subquery

SELECT MAX(salary) AS second_highest_salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary < (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees);

• The inner query finds the highest salary.

• The outer query finds the maximum salary less than the highest, giving the second highest.

Method 3: Using ROW_NUMBER() (SQL Server, Oracle, PostgreSQL)

WITH salary_rank AS (
    SELECT salary,
           ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) AS rn
    FROM employees
)
SELECT salary AS second_highest_salary
FROM salary_rank
WHERE rn = 2;

• ROW_NUMBER() assigns a unique rank to salaries in descending order.

• Selecting rn = 2 gives the second highest salary  

Read more :

What is the difference between INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, and RIGHT JOIN?

How do you handle NULL values in SQL queries?

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